Theme Of Family Dysfunction In King Lear - 718 Words

A Serious of Unfortunate Events King Lear is play about a king who decided to step down from his throne and split his kingdom evenly among his three beautiful daughters. He put them through a test to see who loves him the most to his surprise only one loves him the most out of all three. Gloucester have one illegitimate son and one by law but soon knows that they both want him dead. Throughout the play, not only did King Lear had family problems but other people that was surrounded around King Lear was having problems as well. In this paper, it will discuss how two different families have a similar theme which is family dysfunction and how both handle it differently. King Lear question his daughters about their love they have for him.†¦show more content†¦He jokes about this because he does not want to acknowledge his illegitimate son because he was conceived outside of marriage. Edmund is mad at the fact that his own father does not want to claim him, so he goes after his b rother, Edgar. â€Å"Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land. Our father’s love is to the bastard Edmund. Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed and my invention thrive, Edmund the base shall top legitimate. Now, gods, stand up for bastards† (1.2.2-23). Edmund is furious because he is not part of the family. He seeks revenge on Edgar by going after his land and for being a bastard that his father thinks he is. Edgar and Edmund works together to take over their father’s wealth. Edgar writes a fake letter to his brother and Gloucester finds it and was furious to find out that they were plotting his death. â€Å"Conspiracy? Sleep till I waked him, you should enjoyed half his revenue. My son Edgar! Had he a hand to write this? A heart and brain to breed it in? -When came this to you? Who brought it?† (1.2.49-61). His relationships with his sons have same issues surrounding primogeniture which means that the oldest sons inherit their father’s wealth. The letter proves that they want to kill their father just so that they can take power over their father’s lands. Family will go to extreme measure when it comes to money. Some families have their problems and some do not. In this play, two different families were struggling

American Society During The 1950S Was An Industrial Society

American society during the 1950 s was an industrial society it was a time where the economy was transformingfrom a wartime economy to a consumer economy. The growth in the population lead to a demand and production of American goods [in Europe that] fuel[ed]†¦ the American economy. and allowed for home appliances and vehicles that were only available for [those in] the upper classes to be affordable to those in the middle class. Not only was America an industrial society it was also viewed, at the time, as an egalitarian society. A society where it provides equal access to resources and prestige (sociology dictionary.org) but sadly this was not reflected. People were sold, with the help of the media, on this false belief that†¦show more content†¦The social role that is reflected during the 1950 s as well as in the play is the gender roles within society. Gender roles dictates things such as how a man or a woman should behave, what jobs may be suitable, and what is considered to be masculine and feminine. According to the gender role men are expected to be the head of the family, to work a respectable job, and be able to provide their family with basic as well as material needs. As individuals, we are always adjusting our self-concept since it includes... our self-image... that is subject to constant change... based on...[the] different positions that one holds in society.( Stets Burke 5-7) The characters in the play Death of A Salesman are faced with this issue of trying to fulfill their social role to the best of their abilities. Biff, Willy s son, for example struggles to fit into his father s dream, the American dream, as well as his role as a man in society. BIFF. No, I m mixed up very bad. Maybe I oughta get Married. Maybe I oughta get stuck into something. Maybe that s my trouble. I m like a boy. I m not married, I m not In business, I just- I m like a boy. ( 11) In this dialogue Biff repeats the words maybe and ought the repetition of these words shows how Biff is unsure about whether he wants what his father, Willy, has in life. Biff doesn t know if he, as an individual, can meet his father s expectation which representsShow MoreRelatedChanges Brewing For African American History1708 Words   |  7 PagesBrewing for African Americans in 1950s Determined to write a play about African American experience in the United States for every decade during the 20th century, Wilson has written many plays representing each of these decades. Fences is one of such plays about African American in the 1950 s. It began in 1957 and ended in 1965; however, the 1950s marks the time period when the struggle against segregation and racial discrimination became strong in the mainstream of American life, showing that theRead MoreUtopi A Utopian Society Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pageswhich everything is perfect†. Many times society is often referred to as an â€Å"utopian society† of which many hope for as a sense of perfection within. However, it is often far from that state of perfection despite how hard it tries to be. The connotation of this word has also been referenced through the American land, mostly in accordance to the suburban districts of America. The suburbs became the onset to many of what modern society was within Ame rica. It was through the establishment of the suburbsRead MoreParsons And Bales : Family Structure And Gender Roles1684 Words   |  7 PagesIn our current society, the average household must have two adults working full time to achieve economic stability and to at least have a chance at reaching the â€Å"middle class†. Parsons and Bales’ piece on family (written during 1955) is notable for being one of the first studies on family dynamics. 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After the war militaryRead MoreFast Food Nation : The Dark Side Of The All American Meal1682 Words   |  7 PagesKaushal Brahmbhatt HIST 173 Recent US History December 10, 2015 The â€Å"Drive Thru† Consumerism Of The 1950’s In Eric Schlosser’s 2001 piece, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, he examines the rise of the fast food industry in the 1950’s as it was associated with the rampant consumerism of the era and shows how this led to the fast food industry becoming one of the most unethical, manipulative, and greedy industries that ever existed. Schlosser shows how fast food corporationsRead MoreThe Social Policy Welfare Programs1343 Words   |  6 Pagespoverty has been a social problem for over five decades in America. During the 1960’s, the issue of poverty was first identified as a social problem and countless efforts have been made to eradicate poverty in the United States. 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Lock On Id And Tao Te Chang free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper LOCK ON ID 2 ) Because people are invariably altering, there must be a difference in between a individual. We are ever doing determinations in our life so in making so, we become a different individual each clip. Whatever happens in your life, you are still the same individual. As put, you are what you can retrieve. This is made clear when he mentions For it is by the consciousness it has of its present ideas and actions, that it is self to itself new, and so will be the same ego, every bit far as the same consciousness can widen to actions past or to come whatever substances contributed to their production. From this quotation mark, you can state that he is beliing Aristotle in the belief that a individual is different in substance. 3 ) Our witting is surely cognizant of our limbs. This has to be true, the fact that we control our limbs, they don t control themselves. It wouldn t make sense if a portion of the organic structure controls itself. For case, every organ in our organic structure relies on some other organ, musculus, or fluid for it to execute it s responsibility. Can you conceive of your bosom non necessitating any blood, that would be disused, or conceive of your pes making what it feels like whenever it feels like! Seems like it looses its intent if our witting is non the axial rotation participant in doing certain our limbs are in tact. 4 ) He most surely should hold the right to run up the manus back on if in fact it was detached. As being a portion of him, he is able to make whatever he feels like making with it. Cipher should decline his right on making so. To us, a manus is like a idea ; we are able to travel it at in blink of an eye, without really holding to believe about traveling it. We are able to command its actions merely as we can command a idea. It wouldn t make sense to believe of a idea, a idea comes from a individual thought. So by this, we conclude that we have full rights to our limbs. 5 ) I don t think that this is possible even with the technological promotion we have today. It wouldn t make sense to be able to set a past action into a random individual and have him believe that he did in fact commit that action. There is more to a state of affairs than merely retrieving it. At most, I think it is possible to conceive of yourself making it, but you can t really retrieve it. Their two different things, it s like this, seek to retrieve when you were stranded on an island for a whole month! I # 8217 ; m certain you neer were in this state of affairs, but you could conceive of how it would be like. 6 ) ++++++++++++++++++++++ William James 1 ) I agree with William in a sense that his statement stands logically possible. He s seeking to convert people that clip travels so fast that you don t experience the present. His last sentence gone in the blink of an eye of going explains why the nowadays could non hold been measured or witnessed. However, is their such thing as blink of an eye? There must be some clip continuance for any alteration that occurs. Even chemical reactions that take no longer tha n a few nano seconds has some continuance. But in this instance, clip could be the lone thing that doesn t use to itself. 2 ) His thought behind his illustration is true, for some things that seem to be in the present were really taken topographic point during the yesteryear. The illustration he uses All the alterations of topographic point of a meteor seem to the perceiver to be contained in the present, proves to us that clip is lead oning. Our apprehension of clip does non logically follow the manner we live through clip. Is it possible to see something happening in the yesteryear? If so, wouldn T that be beliing world since the yesteryear does non be? 3 ) To my apprehension, Clays statement of clip and experience do associate to one another. We are invariably sing different stages of clip. It is non necessary to see merely the present, but the past as good. This does non intend that we go back to the yesteryear to witness something that occurred, because we are ever populating in the present. In the instance of the meteor, we are merely seeing something that existed in the past, we are non really clip going. In a manner, this can be merely every bit lead oning as seeing a mirage in the sweet. What we see is non at that place, it merely looks like something exists. Equally far as sing the present, this might really from individual to individual. But irrespective of how you thing of it as, clip will ever travel by. The two are related to each other merely as O is in air and H2O. They are the same molecules that can be in two different signifiers. Whichever manner you want to believe of it as doesn T affair. The same is true for clip and experience ; you can either state clip or unrecorded to see it. 4 ) The spurious nowadays has to be fiction because it s invariably altering. Once it s present, it changes without any sum of clip elapse. To stand for the nowadays would be like giving an exact measuring of air contained within our solar system! It merely can t be done, nevertheless it does be. Indeed it does be, his logic behind the spurious nowadays is that both the yesteryear and the hereafter do non be, which makes sense. Nothing exists that happened in the yesteryear, and nil could be now if it will go on in the hereafter, hence there must be some sort of nowadays in order for things to take topographic point. 5 ) 6 ) This paragraph makes perfect sense! but we seem to experience the interval of clip as a whole. This is precisely how I look into clip. It s sort of amusing to believe that we ever rely on clip to go at the same rate. It besides makes me believe about how the hereafter truly doesn Ts exist. Every 2nd that goes by was non planned, but instead coinciding that a minute merely past by. Subsequently he goes on to state looking back may easy break up the experience, and separate its get downing from its terminal. After seting some thought into clip, you really associate it to clip slots that lasted though out the twenty-four hours. You choose which slot you want to believe about and set a starting and completing point when in fact it neer started nor ended.

The Establishment in the 1960s Essay Example For Students

?The Establishment in the 1960s Essay The nineteen sixties were times of great change. Many people went frommoderates to radicals because of the environment around them. That environmentwas called the establishment. It included all of the events going on in the nineteensixties. Some of the main events taking place were the Vietnam War, thegovernment, the Democratic National Convention and the culture (*). Manyprotested things that they did not believe in or thought was wrong (*). There weremany things that made the radicals different from the moderates. They were themusic they listened to and the clothes they wore. Most obviously was the waythey acted. In the summer of 1967, society and rock and roll were going through somemajor changes. People who listened to rock and roll wore flowers in their hair andon their clothes. They Grooved to tunes by The Grateful Dead, Cream,Jefferson Airplane, and many others (*). Radical was the name given to thesediverse cultural icons of the sixtys revolution. These radicals were associatedwith the many of the youth parties who shared their views with the country. Themusic that the radicals listened too greatly affected the way the acted. It was themellow tune and the moving lyrics that inspired this generation of teenagers. Theystood up for what they believed in from listening to the rock and roll, which isnow, classified as classic rock. The people who didnt listen to the new rock androll, listened to classical and jazz music. They thought the radicals who listened torock and roll were rebels. Large get togethers were common in the sixties. Atthese be ins, as they were called, people ate, drank, a nd listened to music (*). We will write a custom essay on ?The Establishment in the 1960s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The greatest musical get-together that had the most influencing effect onthe people of the sixties was Woodstock 69. This was the largest rock concertever and was held in Bethel, New York. It was three days long, beginning onAugust 15 and ending on August 17 in 1969. The Woodstock Ventures was thenewly founded company organizing the three-day festival. The Town of Wallkillwas the anticipated site for the music festival, but city officials and residentsprotested it. Laws were made to make sure that Woodstock was not to be held inWallkill. The laws were passed, so the Woodstock Ventures team had to searchfor a new site. They ended up finding a 600-acre cow pasture suitable for a three-day concert in the town of Bethel, New York. The city and state officials said theyhad everything planned for and prepared before the concert. But when it camearound to the opening day, they knew what they hadnt planned for, a crowd ofmore than 500,000 people. The concert started at exactly 5:07 P.M. on A ugust15, 1969 (*). Around midnight on the first day, it started to rain. In as little asthree hours, five inches of rain fell. This caused the field to flood, and makingeveryone and everything a big mud puddle. Through the three days there weretwo deaths, but also two births. Both of the deaths were by accident. At the endof the final day, people began to slowly make their way out of the once was grassfield. That barren field now has a monument remembering those three days ofmusic. It attracts visitors from all over the country, who want to see where thebiggest party of all time was once held (*). Dress in the nineteen sixties showed what kind of attitude you possessedand the views you obtained. There were two dominant groups of dress in thesixties. One was the radical and hippie attire. It consisted of older, more raggedlooking outfits. They usually wore headbands or bandanas on their heads. Sometimes they would wear tie-dye or multicolor mixed shirts. The pants thatmost of this teenage generation would don were usually aged and battered, whichsometimes beared holes in them. The types of shoes that they wore depended onthe individual. Some wore tall boots, short boots, and sandals. The most popularshoes were the original Converse All-Stars (*). Most people just wore whateverthey could find, and didnt care what they looked like (*). The second dominantgroup of dress was the older, non-teenage generation. The men usually woreclean, newly pressed clothes. Some men wore suits all of the time. Men mostlywore black shiny dress shoes. The women wore clean, new clothes unlike theteenagers of the time. .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef , .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .postImageUrl , .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef , .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef:hover , .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef:visited , .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef:active { border:0!important; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef:active , .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39348a59ca6615e1fa248ada405c4cef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eminem EssayPeople of the sixties were very judgmental when it came to clothes peoplewore. When someone saw a hippie for the first time, they automatically thoughtthat they were rebels who didnt want a government (*). The older, moderatepeople looked down upon these hippies because they expressed themselvesthrough their clothes (*). The radicals attitude toward the older, non-hippiegeneration was that they didnt know how to stand up for what they believe in (*). The government of the nineteen sixties had an enormous impact on the waypeople acted. Some agreed with the government, and some didnt. Some of thepeople even tried to change the way it worked. The presidents played a large rolein the action taken by the government. Lyndon Baines Johnson became the thirty-sixth president after theassassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963. A skilled promoter ofliberal domestic legislation, he was also a dedicate believer in the use of militaryforce to help achieve the countrys foreign policy objectives. His increase ofAmerican involvement in the Vietnam War decreased his popular standing and ledto his decision not to run for reelection for presidency in 1968. Johnsons attitudetoward the Vietnam War was apparent. He believed in strong military action. Johnson had increased the number of U.S. military forces there from 16,000 at thetime of Kennedys assassination to nearly 25,000 a year later. Later Johnson beganto increase the United States involvement in the Vietnam. Johnson began the rapiddeepening of U.S. involvement in Vietnam; as early as February 1965, U.S. planesbegan to bomb North Vietnam. American troop strength in Vietnam increased tomore than 180,000 by the end of the year and to 500,000 by 1968. Johnson didnot have the same views as some of the radicals. He wanted to keep the UnitedStates in the Vietnam War, while the radicals did not. Richard Nixon was the thirty-seventh president after Lyndon Johnson. Nixon didnt believe in the Vietnam War as highly as Johnson. In 1973, after fouryears of war in Vietnam, the administration managed to arrange a cease-fire thatwould last long enough to allow U.S. departure from Vietnam. Nixon had verydifferent views then the radicals. He thought that all of the protestors were rebelswho should have action taken against them. Even though he ordered the departureof all United States troops from Vietnam, he still believed in the war. John Fitzgerald Kennedy became the 35th president of the United States in1961 at the age of 43. He was the youngest man and the first Roman Catholicever elected to the presidency. In 1963 Kennedy was thinking ahead to thepresidential campaign of 1964. In order to develop peace between clashingcommittees of the Democratic party in Texas, he traveled there in November 1963. While driving in a motorcade through Dallas on November 22, he was shot in thehead and died within an hour. Newly sworn in president Johnson appointed theWarren Commission to investigate the assassination. It concluded that the killer,acting alone, was 24-year-old Lee Harvey Oswald. No motive was established. People believed over the years that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy (*). Martin Luther King, Jr. devoted his life to the fight for full citizenshiprights of the poor, disadvantaged, and racially oppressed in the United States. King flew to Memphis, Tennessee to assist striking sanitation workers. There, onApril 4, 1968, King was Shot and killed. The violent death of King brought animmediate reaction of rioting in black ghettos around the country. Although oneman, James Earl Ray, was convicted of Kings murder people suspected that hewas payed by conspirators (*). .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 , .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .postImageUrl , .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 , .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8:hover , .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8:visited , .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8:active { border:0!important; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8:active , .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8 .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubdfae95f8825fe8cb2948627c7b999c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In The Pursuit of Happiness EssayRobert Francis Kennedy was the younger brother of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. He was a U.S. attorney general and a U.S. senator during his lifetime. After President Lyndon B. Johnson failed to choose Kennedy as his 1964 runningmate, he resigned and won a U.S. Senate seat from New York. He focused on theneeds of poor minorities and became a sharp critic of the Vietnam War. In March1968, Kennedy announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidentialnomination. On the night of June 4, 1968 Kennedy was celebrating his victory inthe California primary. On that night, Kennedy was fatally shot. Kennedy did notdie instantly, instead, he died two days later, on June 6, 1968. His assassin was animmigrant from Jordan named Sirhan B. Sirhan was arrested at the scene and laterconvicted of first degree murder(*). The Democratic National Convention of 1968 was planned to be a peacefulconvention of democrat views and ideas. Antiwar activists also planned for it tobe a peaceful, six day festival protesting the Vietnam War. There were no plans ofviolence in the six days. When the Chicago mayor at the time, Richard Daley,heard of the protestors coming to the convention, he ordered 7,500 U.S. Armytroops and 6,000 National Guardsmen to back up his 12,000 police officers. Itwas held from August 26-29, 1968. Riots began to form so the law enforcementtook action. The media captured most all of the riots on camera and broadcastedthem live on television. Daley was even caught on camera shouting obscenities atSenator Abraham Ribicoff, who accused the police of Gestapo tactics (*). The Vietnam War was a crucial factor in the protesting and rioting in thenineteen sixties. The war took place from the mid nineteen fifties until 1975. Thetwo sides fighting were North Vietnam versus South Vietnam aided by the UnitedStates. In 1975, North Vietnam took the victory over South Vietnam and the U.S. This was a great shock to American self confidence. Opposition to the war grewwith increased U.S. involvement. College students, members of a traditionalpacifist religious groups, longtime peace activists, and citizens of all ages opposedthe conflict. Some were motivated by fear of being drafted. Others out ofcommitment, and some just joined the crowd just to follow. Although the antiwarmovement was frequently associated with the young, support for the war wasactually highest in the age group 20-29. The movement probably played a role inconvincing Lyndon Johnson not to run for reelection in 1968, and an even largerrole in the victory of Richard Nixon over the Democrat Hubert Humphrey. Thewar changed Americas society. The Civil Rights Movement changed the way people live today. In 1964,Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Law of race and sexual discrimination. If this didnt take place, people today wouldnt be able to get jobs because of thesex and race. Johnson then signed yet another Civil Rights Law that would affectpeople today if it didnt come about. It was a law on voting rights. Many peopleprotested to make these right come about in the nineteen sixties. Contributionswere made by Martin Luther King, Jr. and all of the activists of the sixties. If theselaws were not passed then people today wouldnt be able to take an active part inthe government or get the jobs they wanted. Bibliography?BibliographyRaskin, Jonah. Abbie Hoffman. 1998: 1-2. On-line. Internet. 6 Feb. 2001. Available: http://www.go.grolier.comPhinney, David. Rewind: 1968. 1998: 1-5. On-line. Internet. 5 Feb. 2001. Available:http://www.abcnews.go.com/sections/us/1968/Rewind1968_DNC.htmlMailer, Norman. The Best of Abbie Hoffman. New York: Four WallsEight Windows, 1989. Korcz, Keith. Myths and Facts About the 1960s. 1-4. On-line. Internet. 4 Feb. 2001. Available:http://www.ucs.usl.edu/kak7409/groovy60s.htmlJackson, Leslie. The Sixties. London: Phaidon Press Limited, 1998Drake, Nicholas. The Sixties: A Decade in Vogue. New York: PrenticeHall Press, 1983

Free Essays on Should We Be In Iraq

Is the War in Iraq Justified? I. Introduction One of the most controversial issues for Americans today is whether our nation's actions in Iraq and the Middle East are justified. In this speech I will show if Iraq is a military power that poses a threat to our national security and its neighbors in the Middle East. Furthermore if this war in Iraq is constitutional. What are some of the costs of the war financially and including the lives of the Americans that are involved in this conflict? Are our President’s motives pure and do they reflect the thoughts and ideas of the American public. Thesis Statement: Evidence shows that our involvement in Iraq is unconstitutional, unjustifiable, and costly to American citizens. II. Iraq is a greatly diminished military power, and poses little threat to even its neighbors. A. In the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was able to field only a â€Å"Third World Military† that quickly crumbled before the US’s technology and power, notes Owen Cote Jr., associate director of security studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the Boston Globe (January 12, 2003) B. Since that conflict the Iraqi military has done nothing except decline in size and degrade its capability. C. In 1990 Iraq had one million men in its armed forces, backed by 5,500 tanks. By contrast in more recent times the Iraqi military had only 400,000 men in arms and 2,200 tanks. D. Those numbers are equally deceiving the Iraqi tank forces were primarily comprised of soviet models that date back to use during the 1940’s. E. The supposed whole basis for war was to rid Iraq of their elusive weapons of mass destruction. To this day the discovery of these weapons still have not been found. III. The war in Iraq is boldly unconstitutional A. â€Å"Congress not the president, has the right to declare war,† writes William Raspberry in the Washington Post (January 6, 2003). B. In Article 1 section 8 of the U.S. constitution it is c... Free Essays on Should We Be In Iraq Free Essays on Should We Be In Iraq Is the War in Iraq Justified? I. Introduction One of the most controversial issues for Americans today is whether our nation's actions in Iraq and the Middle East are justified. In this speech I will show if Iraq is a military power that poses a threat to our national security and its neighbors in the Middle East. Furthermore if this war in Iraq is constitutional. What are some of the costs of the war financially and including the lives of the Americans that are involved in this conflict? Are our President’s motives pure and do they reflect the thoughts and ideas of the American public. Thesis Statement: Evidence shows that our involvement in Iraq is unconstitutional, unjustifiable, and costly to American citizens. II. Iraq is a greatly diminished military power, and poses little threat to even its neighbors. A. In the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was able to field only a â€Å"Third World Military† that quickly crumbled before the US’s technology and power, notes Owen Cote Jr., associate director of security studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the Boston Globe (January 12, 2003) B. Since that conflict the Iraqi military has done nothing except decline in size and degrade its capability. C. In 1990 Iraq had one million men in its armed forces, backed by 5,500 tanks. By contrast in more recent times the Iraqi military had only 400,000 men in arms and 2,200 tanks. D. Those numbers are equally deceiving the Iraqi tank forces were primarily comprised of soviet models that date back to use during the 1940’s. E. The supposed whole basis for war was to rid Iraq of their elusive weapons of mass destruction. To this day the discovery of these weapons still have not been found. III. The war in Iraq is boldly unconstitutional A. â€Å"Congress not the president, has the right to declare war,† writes William Raspberry in the Washington Post (January 6, 2003). B. In Article 1 section 8 of the U.S. constitution it is c...

How to Express Sadness in English

How to Express Sadness in English Some days arent as good as others. In fact, you may feel sad from time to time. Its important to learn how to express sadness when you are feeling down.  Also, you should know what to say when someone else is unhappy. StructuresUsed to Express Sadness The examples used in this section are in the present continuous tense to express feeling sad at the moment of speaking. You can also use these expressions in different tenses. Informal: Use these informal forms when speaking to close friends and family. Preceding each set of sentences, an  example shows how to construct the sentence, including the subject  and  to be verb: Subject   be feeling down about  something Im feeling down about work lately.Shes feeling down about her grades. Subject be upset about  something Im upset about my friends.Toms upset about his boss. Hes too hard on him! Subject be sad about  something Im sad about the situation at work.Jennifers sad about her mother. Formal: Use these more formal forms when speaking to people at work  or with those whom you dont know well. Subject be out of sorts Im sorry. Im out of sorts today. Ill be better tomorrow.Peter is out of sorts today. Ask him tomorrow. Subject do not feel well Doug doesnt feel well today.I dont feel well. Im going to the doctor. Expressing Sadness With Idioms Idioms  are expressions that dont literally mean what they say, such as: Its raining cats and dogs. The expression  doesnt mean that cats and dogs are falling out of the sky. English uses common idioms when speaking about sadness: Subject be feeling blue  about something Jack is feeling blue about his relationship with his girlfriend.Our teacher said he was feeling blue about life last night. Subject be in the dumps about something Were in the dumps about our financial situation.Kelly is in the dumps about her horrible job. Showing Concern When someone tells you he is sad, its important to express concern. Here are some common phrases to show that you care. Informal: BummerI feel you.Tough luck.I cant believe that. Thats horrible / disgusting / not fair Examples of informal expressions of concern include: I feel you. Life isnt always easy.Bummer, but keep trying. Youll find a good job eventually. Formal: Im sorry to hear that.Thats too bad.What can I do to help?Is there anything I can do for you?Would you like to talk about it? Some examples of formal expressions of concern are: Im sorry to hear that. What can I do to help?Thats too bad. Would you like to talk about it? If you see that someone is sad, but that person is not telling you, use the following phrases to get her to open up about her feelings. Ask prompting questions when helping a friend or  colleague who is feeling sad, such as: Whats the matter?You seem sad. Tell me all about it.Why the long face? Example Dialogues These dialogues will help you and a friend or fellow student practice expressing sadness or concern. At work: Colleague 1: Hi Bob. Im feeling out of sorts today.Colleague 2: Im sorry to hear that. What seems to be the problem? Colleague 1: Well, Im really upset about the changes at work.Colleague 2: I know its been difficult for everyone. Colleague 1: I just dont understand why they had to change our team!Colleague 2: Sometimes management does things we dont understand. Colleague 1: It make no sense! I just dont feel well.Colleague 2: Maybe you need some time off work. Colleague 1: Yes, maybe thats it.Colleague 2: Is there anything I can do to help? Colleague 1: No, just talking about it makes me feel a little better.Colleague 2: Feel free to talk to me anytime. Colleague 1: Thanks. I appreciate it.Colleague 2: No problem. Between friends: Sue: Anna, whats the matter?Anna: Nothing. Im fine. Sue: You seem sad. Tell me all about it.Anna: OK, Im in the dumps about Tom. Sue: Bummer. What seems to be the problem?Anna: I dont think he loves me anymore. Sue: Really! Are you sure about that?Anna: Yes, I saw him yesterday with Mary. They were laughing and having a great time. Sue: Well, maybe they were just studying together. It doesnt mean hes leaving you.Anna: Thats what I keep telling myself. Still, Im feeling blue. Sue: Is there anything I can do?Anna: Yes, lets go shopping! Sue: Now youre talking. A nice new pair shoes would help you feel much better.Anna: Yes, maybe thats what I really need. Not a boyfriend  but some beautiful new shoes.

The Economics and Governance of Innovation and Institutions Essay

The Economics and Governance of Innovation and Institutions - Essay Example Innovations are associated with basic and radical transformations in an organization’s operations, and can be triggered by factors such as technological advancement, increased competition and quality standards among other aspects of the external environment. Through innovation, firms are able to capitalize on strengths and to take opportunity over competitors’ weaknesses. This paper discusses the reasons why innovation processes may exhibit different features in different industries. Definitions of Key Terms Innovation- a process of transforming an idea in to a product or service. This is forms the foundation of this paper Consumer decision making process- a process through which consumers make decisions on whether to buy a product or service. It affects acceptance of innovative products Product differentiation- production of distinct products allowing consumers a wide variety of products to choose from. It results from product innovation Features of Innovation in Diffe rent Industries Pavit (1984) established that innovation originates from the application of creative ideas to develop marketable products from the existing ones. ... Customer preferences change with time and therefore continuous assessment of the market is needed. Innovations targeted at consumer satisfaction depend on research that helps managers to determine market dynamics in terms of consumer preferences. Malerba & Orsenigo (1997) present a perspective of constant brand extension to maintain a firm’s performance. Brand extension is a significant strategy used by firms in marketing whereby the name of a popular brand in the market is used to market an innovative brand from the same company. The spin-off, which is the new product, is unlikely to be known by consumers on its own. The brand name under which it is sold may encourage consumers since they associate it with the quality of the original product. Brand extension raises a firm’s profitability since it deals with various products. The attitude of consumers towards a particular brand determines the success of the firm in extending it (Pavit, 1984). The higher the value attach ed to the brand, the more a firm is likely to succeed in its extension. Moreover, the satisfaction derived from both products matters since the more related the products are in terms of utility, the more consumers are likely to accept the extended brand. Brand extension also revitalizes the diminishing image of the original brand (Nelson, 1991). Consumers in most situations are attracted to an innovative firm whereby they are presented with creative products that they believe are an advancement of the old brand. The new products make the old brand to reappear or become more frequent than before in the market. With the understanding that the new product has an added value, they are likely to

Finance and Accounting Math Problem on Cooperate Finance

Finance and Accounting on Cooperate Finance - Math Problem Example Contribution from the parents would be invested at 6% annually for a period of 3 years. However the remaining amount will be raised from Aunt Hilda’s gift. So, at the moment, the future value of the contribution from the parents would be calculated and then this future value from the parents would be deducted from $10,000 to find the future value of the amount that would be raised from the Aunt Hilda. Once this amount is identified, the present value of Aunt Hilda gift will be calculated to identify the amount required from her. Parents would contribute $5,000 and that will be invested for 3 years at 6%. Therefore the future value of $5000 after 3 years would be FV = $5000 (1+ 6%) ^ 3 FV = 5,955 As the total value after 3 years required would be $10,000. So, after three years amount required for the trip except from the contribution of the parents would be $10,000 - $5,955 = $4045 $4,045 would be the amount that would be needed after 3 years. So, this is the future value of th e gift of Aunt Hilda. As this amount would be invested for three years at 10% therefore the present value of this amount would be: PV = 4,045 / (1 + 10%) ^ 3 PV = $3,039 Therefore, $3,039 would be taken from Aunt Hilda as gift. Question #2 Quark industries has four potential projects and the summary and expected cash flows of these projects have been shown below: Project M Project N Project O Project P Year 0 -2,000,000 -2,000,000 -2,000,000 -2,000,000 Year 1 500,000 600,000 1,000,000 300,000 Year 2 500,000 600,000 800,000 300,000 Year 3 500,000 600,000 800,000 300,000 Year 4 500,000 600,000 400,000 300,000 Year 5 500,000 600,000 200,000 300,000 Rate 6% 9% 15% 22% The above table shows the cash flows of each of these projects. In order to determine which project should be accepted, Net Present Value will be used. Net Present value discounts the future cash flows of the project and identifies its work in present (McLaney, 2009). After using the NPV following values have been identifi ed of each of the project: Project M Project N Project O Project P Rate 6% 9% 15% 22% NPV $100,171.60 $306,230.05 $285,765.03 ($935,170.55) Ranking 3 1 2 The above table shows that the project N would be the most feasible one for Quark industries. Ranking has been made that is showing that the Quark industries should invest first in Project N and then in Project O and then in Project M. The company should not invest in Project P as it has a negative NPV. References McLaney, E. (2009). Business Finance: Theory and Practice, New Jersey, Pearson Education Ross, S., Westerfield, R. and Jordan, B. (2009). Fundamentals Of Corporate Finance Standard Edition, New York,

Religion as a Synonym of Ignorance Essay Example for Free

Religion as a Synonym of Ignorance Essay Is the church as solid and strong as it seems? In â€Å"The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, Garcia Marquez uses magical realism to challenge religious beliefs; hence, proving religion is not what is seems. To begin with, when the old man with enormous wings lands in Elisenda and Pelayo’s courtyard and after concluding that the man must be someone who survived a shipwreck they call their neighbor to see him. Their neighbor proclaims right away that he must be an angel. Her reaction to the man with wings is purely influenced by faith. She blindly assumes things based on what she has been taught her whole life: Hes an angel, she told them. He must have been coming for the child, but the poor fellow is so old that the rain knocked him down. (Garcia Marquez 1) This shows how religion influences the interpretation of various events; hence, limiting them to find a deeper or more meaningful significance to any situation. Pelayo’s reaction is guided by fear and insecurity, which somehow is portrayed in the story to symbolize that the Church institution, generates fear instead of preaching God’s word. How Garcia Marquez describes the angel is a critique to the Church due to the fact that it is described as a ragpicker in a pitiful condition and extremely old. Pelayo judges the angel on his appearance. Wasn’t the angel supposed to look all white, attractive and divine such as church says? If he was this way, then Pelayo would most likely honor and respect him rather than treat him like an animal; this doesn’t only ruin the idea the Church has about an angel, but also results very disappointing, meaning that after all, religion results to be a disappointment. Garcia Marquez clearly describes how Colombian society is, and how ignorant they are due to religion. The town expresses hope and expectations are the angel’s visit. Many had big dreams and had relied on this angel to put an end to all their problems as if he was sent down from God. These expectations however are not rational; they are based on their beliefs and the emotions that this angel had generated. Humans in general are always looking for the easy way out and the simplest way to put their problems to an end. This angel served as the answer they had all hoped for; likewise, religion does this in a daily basis. Religious people rely the blame on God for what happens around them, whether its good or bad, it is the easiest way to justify life’s actions limiting human’s chance of thinking for themselves; therefore, they are ignorant. As we go further, critiques towards religion and ignorance continue. One of the strongest is probably when Father Gonzaga, gives his verdict about if the visitor was an angel or not. He tells people the Old Man is not an angel in view of his appearance, and when he tries to communicate with him in Latin he gets no response; that being the case, ignorance takes over again and people believe churchmen simply because of the position they have in society. Catholics often believe the Church knows everything about life, and so they must believe everything they say as if they could not think for themselves. Father Gonzaga felt somehow threatened by the angel’s presence because he could no longer be in the position he was and the angel would be seen as superior to him due to his divinity. â€Å"The parish priest had his first suspicion of an imposter when he saw that he did not understand the language of God or know how to greet His ministers. † (Garcia Marquez 2). He takes advantage of the situation when the Old Man does not answer in the language of jesus, ridiculing him and making himself look once again closer to God rather than the Old man. In addition, the final conclusion about that the old man is a norwegian sailor once again ridicules the Church showing such absurd assumptions; nevertheless, he dares to create comparisons to argument his final word about the impostor the angel was, â€Å"He argued that if wings were not the essential element in determining the difference between a hawk and an airplane, they were even less so in the recognition of angels. † (Garcia Marquez 2). Furthermore, taking the whole Church as a character compared with the angel himself we can see the contrast of true religion and the human representation of it. Meaning that the angel symbolizes religion itself, and the church represents the institution that has corrupted this divine word. Church manipulates everything to be more powerful. In contrast, the angel is extremely patient, he isn’t affected by what people were doing to him and through magical realism, Garcia Marquez manages to create a situation in which church and humans can be looked upon ridiculously because the angel uses all of the things against him to grow strong and flee; wherefore, religion is a bigger authority and more valuable than church as an institution. To conclude, throughout the whole story we can witness how Garcia Marquez uses magical realism fusing the reality of Colombian society and the divinity and fiction of an angel. He generates a critique towards religion stating that religion acts as a blindfold and limits humans to think beyond what they are taught to believe in; hence, we can understand that religion in the story can perfectly fit as a synonym for ignorance.

Longs Peak :: essays research papers

LONGS PEAK Deep in the heart of the Rockies lies the small mountain village of Estes Park, Colorado. Estes Park borders Rocky Mountain National Park and it was my summer retreat. Never in my life had I seen someplace taken directly out of a fairy tale. The mountains swallowed the town. One particular mountain immediately caught my eye. I knew that it had to be the tallest, for it was the only mountain that was still covered in May snow. I later learned that the enormous mountain was Longs Peak. Longs Peak happened to be a “fourteener", a Colorado mountain over fourteen thousand feet. The mountain could be seen from every corner of the park as well as from distant cities such as Denver or Boulder, which were well over fifty miles away. The mountain held an intense mystification for me. It reminded me of a Cardinals game, which I saw prior to my visit to Estes Park. Mark McGuire was coming up to bat, and shocks rippled down my spine when I saw him. An atomic power radiated from him. Even though there were several other players on the field I simply could not keep my eyes off him. Longs Peak also stood head and shoulders over the other players. I had to climb Longs Peak before I left Estes Park. I felt a call that told me if I failed to climb the mountain I would be missing out on a life changing opportunity. Perhaps I wanted to climb it because everyday when I went outside, it was the first thing I saw. Maybe I wanted simply to prove to myself that I could do anything that I set my mind and body to. I am not sure what it was; all I know is that it was constantly in the back of my head pushing me. Longs Peak is an extremely difficult and technical climb. It offers challenges to every level of climbers, especially to a slacker like myself. The trail is only a little over eight miles long. It has a very steep elevation gain of over four thousand feet. The climb takes over two days of intensely strenuous hiking. Water is the most important thing in climbing; the body must remain fully hydrated at all times in order to maximize best performance. It is extremely unsafe to climb alone; therefore, my friend Bobby accompanied me on the expedition.

Mexican Food

The increasing number of immigrant population in the US, is topped by the Mexican presence with more than 8.5 Million legal immigrants (Mexico’s National Council of Populations, Sept. 2001). The United States is therefore slowly inheriting traditions brought about by the oldest and newest Mexican inhabitants. One cannot even deny that anything to do with the Mexican culture has gained popularity in TV shows and advertisements endorsing Mexican products to radio programs playing guitars and crooning Spanish love songs. Mexican immigrants and their descendants are also becoming socially and culturally influential as their way of life seeps into the contemporary American politics, food and daily living that will soon redefine the nation’s identity. The demand for Mexican foods has increased and slowly becoming part of the mainstream culture and threatening to displace the long-time Italian and Chinese ethnic favorite foods. The unwillingness of Mexican immigrants to assimilate the American culture with strict preference over their own traditions (Smith, 1997: 112) is evident in their traditional choice of food in a new host country. As members of the leading minority group, Mexicans are coming out from obscurity and are collectively insisting a tangible conception of their democratic culture through cuisine (Rivera, 2006:4). This is creatively presented in their attachment to their native Hispanic Mexican foods that has created a common link between the Americans and Mexicans through the culinary arts. Mexican Traditional Food Mexican foods are becoming so popular and quite evident with the sales boost of salsa product outstripping ketchup sales in the United States. Tortillas are also becoming commonly needed in American palates with popular sandwich wraps replacing traditional breads (US, Levine; 2004: 32). American people are truly catching on the flavor of Mexican food that is intense and has varied spices (Wood, 2004:215). The original Mexican foods are rich in terms of proteins, vitamins, and minerals though it is characterized by some as spicy. Corn particularly presented in corn tortillas, plays a fundamental role in the Mexican cuisine along with beans as another major staple ingredient (Wood; 215). Such food staples are often boiled and fried. Beans are also high in fiber with an anti-oxidant benefit which is excellent against disposing unwanted cholesterol and for cancer prevention. Along with avocados used in salads, soups and other main dishes, hot chili peppers are mixed with most Mexican dishes which are mostly served fried to provide the characteristic spice for flavor mostly composed of jalapeno, poblano, habanero, cascabel and pasilla as the most common spicy ingredients. Protein-rich Mexican Diet In the Mexican food, cilantro or Chinese parsley is a very popular herb used in salsa and sauces. It’s composition of phytonutrients, flavonoids and acid compounds are known to help control blood sugar, lower cholesterol levels and fight infection with its antimicrobial properties. Along with fresh tomatoes in the Mexican salsas, they’re used in most sauces and soups. Its lycopene-rich composition is a potent antioxidant and a rich source of vitamin C, A and K. The papaya fruit is also a popular in the Mexican diet especially during breakfast which could be eaten as is or mixed with salsa. Papaya has been known to protect against heart disease, colon cancer and supportive to the immune system. It is also beneficial for digestion with its papain enzyme component particularly a good aid for digestion. When properly prepared, the benefits are well accepted in the human body with the best long-term effects. Food Preparation In Mexico, Mexican food preparation is fraught with traditional practices. In the preparation of salsa and tortillas and tamales especially during holidays, fire from the preparation is put out with either milk or butter and not water as a superstition of consistency in the food preparation is believed. As an ethnic group, Mexicans in the US do survive the ritual practices of religious and syncretic content, where the main offerings are food and beverages, such as mole during religious holidays like All Souls’ Day tamales or Saint Cross’ Day barbacoa (West, 1988:208) is upheld. These foods though take a lengthy preparation process yet in   Mexico’s different regions particularly in the rural areas during San Isidro Labrador’s feast day (West: 208),food is prepared as in a healthy manner and not merely fried with fat-rich oils. Mexican Cuisine adaptation in the US Mexican food demands created a major influence on American meals as shown by studies that Americans are currently eating Mexican foods four times more compared to 20 years ago (Wood: 216). Food chains are emulating the Mexican trend according to the Institute of Food Technologists (Dept of State, 2004) who claimed that Mexican food has almost doubled in popularity among people who cook regularly, from 44 percent in 1985 to 86 percent in 2003. According to them the weak link between the super-sized and super-fattened food sold as Hispanic or Mexican in the United States is the main problem as the Americanized version is loaded with calories. Further it is believed that as Hispanic people blend in with American culture, Hispanic would soon take in the food preparation and eating habits of the American people as they too are transformed into busybodies. While there is a mixture of both cultures in food preparation, the unhealthy element is retained as busy American-Mexicans hasten to prepare food faster fried in rich oils. Food and health relationships The traditional Mexican diet is advantageous but the American-Mexican is not! Staple as the main food composed of beans, corn and squash has a higher content of complex carbohydrates which is emphasized by the consumption of other fruits and vegetables. However when liberal amounts of fat are added through stewing or frying instead of baking or broiling, the purpose of a healthy diet is defeated. Fried foods which is a growing trend to a faster preparation needs fat-rich products which leads to obesity and contributes to diabetes, hypertension and a combination of these illnesses (Lisabeth and Kaplan: 2006). Cutting down on fat, sodium and sugar in the diet would ultimately reverse the effects. It would be beneficial if the carbohydrate intake could be increased by eating servings of bread, pasta, fruits and vegetables. Spanish rice can be served with potatoes and beans as well. Corn tortillas should also be made using whole wheat flour and made with unsaturated fats such as canola oil, soybean or corn instead of lard. Avoidance of too much soft drink would also spell health as the American-Mexican drinks more water. Corn chips are also health-wise when baked instead of fried and avoidance of salty foods would mean a modified healthful Mexican meal with flavored garlic, cumin, regain, cilantro and other spices. Works Cited Smith Robert. (1997). The City and the World: New York’s Global Future in Margaret E. Crahan, Alberto Vourvoulias-Bush (eds.). Council on Foreign Relations. Lisabeth, Lynda D. and Kaplan, Norman D. (2006). Mexican-Americans at Higher Risk for Second Stroke. Annals of Neurology, Sept. Rivera, John Michael. (2006). The Emergence of Mexican America: Recovering Stories of Mexican Peoplehood in U.S. Culture. NYU Press. United States. Department of State Reports.   (2004). Americans at the Table Reflections on Food and Culture. Diane Publishing. West, John. (1988). Mexican-American Folklore. Arkansas: August House. Wood, Andrew Grant. (2004). On the Border: Society and Culture Between the United States and Mexico. Rowman & Littlefield.

Life of William Shakespeare Paper Essay

Ever since the death of Shakespeare, his life was only well known about his plays and poems. He had written many famous Plays such as: Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and etc and his famous poems were the Sonnets. Many decades have passed since his death and his plays and poems are still famous and read out loud in schools. Sadly, only a few people knew about Shakespeare’s life and how he became a Bard. â€Å"Details about William Shakespeare’s life are sketchy, mostly mere surmise based upon court or other clerical records.  Ã¢â‚¬  (enotes. com). Shakespeare’s early life was not very well known to the public at this time but according â€Å"Enotes†, he was born in Stratford upon Avon, England in 1564. According to the website william-shakespeare. org. uk. There were records of William Shakespeare being born in the â€Å"Holy Trinity parish church, in Stratford,† on April 26, 1564. His dad John Shakespeare, was a â€Å"yeoman—a glover and commodities merchant. â€Å"(enotes. com). His mother Mary, was a Land owner or as they called it back then, a landed gentry. Shakespeare was the 3rd child of the family but he was one of the childs that lived for a long time. He had 4 sisters and 4 brothers. According to William went to a grammar school until the age of fourteen but he did not continue his education at a university. In 1582, at the age of eighteen he married Anne Hathaway and had their first child, Susanna six months after their marriage in 1583. After two years, they had twins named Judith and Hamnet. It is estimated that Shakespeare arrived in London around 1588 and began to establish himself as an actor and playwright. † (bardweb. net ). According to â€Å"bardweb. net† the exact date of Shakespeare going to London is unknown but estimated to 1588. They thought Shakespeare moved to London because he was â€Å"pursued by the law for poaching deer on private property. † ( enotes. com ). The same year he was called an â€Å"upstart crow†, the theater closed in London because of the Black Death plague. â€Å"By 1594 Shakespeare had joined a theater troupe known as the Lord Chamberlain’s Men. † During this time period, Shakespeare had expressed many of his plays but sadly, it was not to last†¦ Soon, the law had banned plays throughout the reach of London. According to â€Å"william-shakespeare. org. uk â€Å", Shakespeare was very successful in 1596 due to his performance while Queen Elizabeth the first was present. He also got permission to hang his coat of arms and he got very rich because of his career. In 1597 they started to make the Globe Theatre and finished making it in 1598 (which Shakespeare got 10% of the profit from the Globe Theatre). One day, while the Globe Theater was performing the play King Henry VIII, on June 29, 1613, there was a fire due to the cannon that was shot, since the building was made of wood, the fire spread quickly. That day, the globe theater was destroyed. Three years before the fire, Shakespeare retired and went back to Stratford upon Avon, England. Though he lived a wealthy life, according the both websites, the cause of his death was unknown. He died on April 23, 1616 at the age of fifty-two. Just four weeks before his death, on March 25, 1616, he wrote his will. In his will he gave â€Å"his properties to his daughter Susanna† (bardweb. net ). According to that website Shakespeare â€Å"he left ? 300† to his daughter Judith (who was still living at the time) and his wife he left her â€Å"his second best bed†. â€Å"William Shakespeare was buried on April 25th 1616 in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon. † (william-shakespeare. org. uk ). After William Shakespeare died, he was buried 3 days after his death and according to that website his tomb was â€Å"beneath the floors of the church in the chancel†. In the end, there was almost no record of Shakespeare’s life but some records. After the death of Shakespeare people found out that he wrote those plays that were performed in the Globe Theatre. They were all written in Shakespeare’s First Folio. Work Citation N. P, Enotes. com, eNotes Inc. 2011, 16 Nov. 2011 L. K. , Alchin, William Shakespeare info. November 21 2005. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. Pressley, J. M. Bard web the Shakespeare Resource Center 1997-2011 16 November 2011.

THE JUNGLE VS FAST FOOD NATION essays

THE JUNGLE VS FAST FOOD NATION essays Literature creates a visual representation of the universal struggle that conquers the human race. Its themes help to improve the laws and regulations that operate our world, so as to benefit every single individual in a positive manner. Sometimes, our minds are too stubborn; as a result, we remain uncivilized and corrupt, even though literature attempts to improve our lives. The Jungle, for example, written by Upton Sinclair, exposes the abuse perpetuated by industries upon the American public. The book illustrates; the trade of tainted meat, workers abuse and corporation abuse on house-buyers. Even though the government created laws to demolish those struggles/abuses, with time, those evil practices diffused into our society, and become incurable. Eric Schlossers, Fast Food Nation, reveals how the problems that were once solved by the Jungle, emerged back into the earth causing corruption and destruction in our society. This essay will analyze abuse of workers, sale of tainted eat, and corporation abuse on home-buyers based on how The Jungle diagnosed those problems, and Fast Food Nations current struggle to terminate their emergence. The Jungle, published in 1907, exposed to the world the unfair and evil treatment of workers and the sale of tainted meat. The purpose of the book was to force the government in creating laws and regulations that will bring safety to the American public. Upton Sinclair described the process of producing spoiled meat. In the novel, diseased cattle and hogs are processed for consumption, including pregnant cows and their fetuses. The sausages are made of a random mixture of animal parts, as well as the dirt, rat carcasses and poison scooped up off the floor. As a result, in 1907, a year after The Jungle was released; the government passed the Pure Food and Drug Act, including a Meat Inspection Act, so as to prevent the industries from selling tainted meat to the public. The workers at the m...

How to Get Started as a Freelance Writer in 6 Simple Steps

How to Get Started as a Freelance Writer in 6 Simple Steps How to Get Started as a Freelance Writer in 6 Simple Steps How to Get Started as a Freelance Writer in 6 Simple Steps By Ali Hale Would you love to be a freelance writer? Maybe youre hoping to make a bit of money on the side of your day job, or you want to find some work that fits around being at home with your kids much of the day. Perhaps youre hoping to launch a whole new career. You might well be feeling daunted before youve even begun, though. Theres just so much information out there: where do you even start? These  six steps are all you really need in order to get going: Step #1: Find Out How Self-Employment and Tax Works in Your Country Before you start freelancing, it’s important to figure out how self-employment (and particularly tax) works in your own country. You don’t necessarily need to do anything about it right away, but you do need to know what to expect. Here in the UK for instance, sole traders (the simplest set up for a freelancer) don’t have to register with HMRC (the tax authorities) from the first moment they start freelancing. They do need to be ready to submit a self-employed tax return on time, though – e.g. by the end of January 2020 for the tax year 6th April 2018 – 5th Mar 2019. If your country isn’t on this list, just search for â€Å"register as self-employed† and your country name, and you should find plenty of advice. Step #2: Create a  Gmail Account (for Email and Google Docs) Do you have an email address that looks something one of these? chocolatelover@hotmail.com GameofThronesfan@yahoo.com I’m sure it goes without saying that those aren’t very professional looking! Even if your email address uses your name (or your pen name), free providers like hotmail and yahoo have a bit of an â€Å"unprofessional† reputation. Gmail is much better regarded, perhaps because it started out being very popular with techy types, and is now so ubiquitous. So I’d recommend setting up a professional looking email address with Gmail, for now – something like yourname@gmail.com or yournamewriter@gmail.com. One important reason for having a Gmail address is that it also gives you a Google account, which you can use for Google Docs – I find that many clients want to collaborate in this way. If you prefer to have a really professional looking email address, then you’ll need to register a domain name of your own (e.g. mine is www.aliventures.com) and then set up an email address at that domain (mine is ali@aliventures.com). Step #3: Figure Out What Topics You Want to Write About Before you go any further with freelancing, it’s a good idea to figure out what you want to write about. You might think that it’d be best to write about anything and everything, in the hopes you’ll get plenty of work – but the truth is that clients prefer writers who have prior experience in a particular area. You’ll also probably enjoy freelancing more if you’re writing about topics you’re actually interested in. When you’re figuring out which topics to focus on, you might want to consider: Your personal life and experiences – e.g. if you’re a parent to school-age children, you could write about pregnancy, babies, toddlers, etc. Your professional life – e.g. if you work in IT, you might want to specialise in technical writing or in writing for blogs that cover techy topics. Your hobbies – e.g. if you love to craft, then you might want to look for blogs about craft or companies that sell craft supplies to write for. You can switch or add topics as you go forward in your career, but you’ll find it helpful to have some idea of the areas you want to focus on when it comes to the next two steps. Step #4: (Optional) Create a Website You don’t have to have a website in order to freelance – so if this is just a step too far right now, then feel free to skip it. At some point fairly early in your freelancing career, though, you’re going to want to have a web presence. You’ll want somewhere to direct potential customers, whether those are your current contacts, friends of friends, or people who read your guest posts (see Step #5). If you don’t want to spend any money at this stage, I recommend setting up a free website with WordPress.com (just follow their process step by step). Your website will have â€Å"wordpress† in the address, so it’ll look something like yourname.wordpress.com. While this isn’t the most professional option out there, plenty of freelancers do just fine with a free WordPress site – and I think it’s absolutely fine when you’re just starting out. Alternatively, if you’re fairly confident about techy things and if you have a bit of money to invest, I’d recommend purchasing web hosting, registering your own domain name (e.g. yourname.com) and setting up self-hosted WordPress on that site. Most web hosts have a simple â€Å"one click† installation process for WordPress, as it’s so popular. Step #5: Get Some Published Experience Before you can start landing freelancing clients, you need some experience: published pieces that you can show them as examples of your work. But how do you get that experience when you don’t have any clients? One simple way is to write guest posts for large(ish) blogs: a big advantage of these is that your posts will be online, so it’s very easy to send clients a link to them. You can also create a â€Å"Portfolio† page on your website with screenshots of and links to your work. Ideally, you’ll want to target blogs that fit in with the areas you want to write about, so that you’ve got relevant freelancing clips. Most guest posts are written for free, and although some freelancers feel you should never work for free, I think it makes sense to do so when you’re just starting out. (Don’t spend ages at this stage, though; three to five published pieces should be plenty.) You’ll almost always get the opportunity to write a â€Å"bio† to go along with your guest post (normally at the bottom of it). You can use this to promote your freelancing services, writing something like: Ali Luke is a freelance writer, specialising in blog content for small businesses. You can find out more about her and her services at  www.aliventures.com. If you want to freelance for magazines or print publications, rather than blogs or websites, then you’ll want to look for ways to get some experience with print. A good place to look is local free newspapers and magazines – they probably won’t be able to pay, but they’ll likely be very willing to publish your work. Step #6: Start Finding Clients If there’s one thing you take away from this post, make it this: Don’t use content mills. If you’re not sure what a content mill is, it’s a site where you sign up and get sent writing jobs. They often promise lots of work, or tell you how much writers can make – but the reality is that they pay peanuts. They often call themselves â€Å"article writing services†. Textbroker is a well-known one; Copify and iWriter are other examples. Content mills can’t afford to pay much, because their main selling point to their clients is that they’re a cheap way to get lots of content. So where else can you find work? Let family and friends know that you’re freelancing, and tell them what type of work you’re looking for. You never know when someone will know someone! Look at the ProBlogger jobs boards and Freelance Writing Gigs’ daily round-up of writing work. (There are plenty of other similar job boards online, but I’ve found that between these two, they cover all the good opportunities.) Pitch directly to websites (or magazines, or whatever type of publication you want to write for). Target local clients, perhaps with an ad in a local paper, shop window, or library, or by attending local small business networking events. Browse the website of companies that offer services related to your niche and in case they dont have a regularly updated blog contact them offering your writing services and explaining the benefits that fresh content would bring to their website. Think beyond writing articles. You can offer services such as crafting email marketing campaigns, writing e-books and reports, website editing and proofreading and so. Finding your first paying client can feel like a huge hurdle but once youve found one client, more will follow. In case you want more help, I have a 6-week program that covers all the aspects of getting started as a freelance writer, from improving your writing productivity to landing high-paying gigs, from promoting yourself online to running your freelance business efficiently. The course has been offered for 8 years and over 1300 students enrolled during that time. I offer a complete money back guarantee, and surprisingly no one ever asked for it! In order to celebrate its eighth anniversary we are offering the course for just $29, so check it out below before the promotion ends. Above all, if you decide to try freelance writing, make sure you persevere. Getting results takes time, as with virtually all endeavors in life, and the biggest mistake I see aspiring freelance writers making is giving up too soon. Hang in there for 6 to 12 months before you evaluate your results. Good luck! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withRules for Capitalization in Titles15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Psychology - Essay Example The child learns to anticipate S and make R in anticipation of changes in S. For instance, in trying to reach for a dangling toy, the child makes adjustive steps or positions to reach it in the direction he finds most accessible. A bottle of milk is sucked at the end nipple which he has associated with the source of milk. The pre-operational thought period can be most understood by two concepts: Pre-conceptual stage (2-4 years) and Intuitive phase (4-7 years). During the pre-conceptual stage, the child starts to use different kinds of symbols in play behavior and in language. Wherein, play activities may take in the form of imaginary situations and objects. In the intuitive phase, the child is now able to respond to groups of objects. The child is able to classify objects’ size and shapes. There is now a finer distinction in specific concepts. The principles of reversibility and conservation are acquired. For instance, that the objects are not altered with change in the way they appear. The capacity for logic and reasoning are well-developed in the later stages with respect to concrete and specific objects. The child develops space concepts in the following geometric order: first, nearness, separation, enclosure (Geoghegan et al 1963). There are two characteristics of in the child’s intuitive stage. 1) Egocentricism – the child’s inability to take the point of view of another and 2) Emphasis on successive states of a situation rather than transformations by which one state grades into another. This means that the child doesn’t have a grasp of the facts that the situation can change gradually and grade into a new one; he only emphasizes the beginning and end states. In the period of concrete operations, the child is less egocentric and is able to group objects and events on concrete observations. At this stage, the child is able to think on various concrete

Discuss three obstacles to your education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss three obstacles to your education - Essay Example The financial obstacle poses as a serious problem in the wake of my educational basis. I am usually worried due to these issues and I make every effort to make sure these problems get solved sooner rather than later. I have decided for my own self that I will work so that my fees could be made affordable but that has put me in a quandary since balancing studies and work at the same time is a Herculean task. However my efforts are pretty much in line with my aims and objectives and I believe one need to have a very clear conscience in order to reach his goals. Same is my case where I have been devoted towards my studies and my work in a whole-hearted manner. Apart from these, I face problems in the emotional aspect when I am unable to come up to the expectations that an educational facility has from its students. The aspect of my family within my studies is significant since I am unable to give them much time and the discussion of ‘quality time’ for the family is absent from the whole scenario, which is unfortunate in entirety. There is also an obstacle in the form of balancing my studies with my work which becomes a difficult thing at the end of the day. My academic obstacle becomes a serious concern with the ever-changing curriculum requirements. This obstacle does not seem to come to an end however I have made serious efforts to address the very same on a consistent basis. I am doing my best to overcome them but then again it is always difficult to manage one’s expenses, work and study – all at the same time. Someone or the other will miss out on the whole agreement that a person is usually tied up within. In my case, this largely focuses on my educational patterns. The financial, emotional and academic obstacles are indeed venomous in nature as far as my educational regimes are concerned. I need to do a lot of catching up in order to become an educated person at the end. I need to give my best towards studies so that the emotional

Strategic Leadership and Innovation at Apple Inc Essay

Strategic Leadership and Innovation at Apple Inc - Essay Example The researcher states that Apple Inc has had its patches of rough and dry in between, yet it has come out of the wood successfully on many occasions. The success has been a result of many factors, while some can be stretched to the excellence of the man himself Steve jobs, other to the performance of the overall unit, and the rest may contribute the success to the strategies. These strategies have been devised in form of long-term to short-term strategies. Since the departure of the legendary and visionary man, Apple needs to find the spark in some other form and some other person. A long-term strategy should be based on ensuring the continuation of the innovative models. Since Apple surpassed the rest with its feature of innovation. Performance indication is easily attainable through the scoreboard balance. It must do something to ensure that the string of first to market is not lost and at the same time, the shares in the market are equally maintained. The long-term strategy should be based on exploring other dimensions. They must not restrict themselves to the mobile phones. While other players are mainly focusing on the open source operating systems and online stores, Apple has yet to make a domino’s impression in that domain. The first element is continuity and constant innovation. If innovation is not followed by generation of new kind, it can lead to stagnation. Keeping close to the customers’ demands and responding according to the need enables maintaining effective scoreboard. Customers’ response helps to determine the market trend and the closer to the customers the better. Apple Inc cannot rely only on Apple phone in this regard. Overall sales and market share capture is far from possible with a single product. Besides, Apple Inc has yet to fix its claws firmly and completely with regard to the computer industry. While tablets might give them some presence in the market, but competitors like IBM, Microsoft, Android, all are spear head present and Apple has to create a long-term effective strategy to create a counter and come up with something like the mobile phone or tablet to give them a challenge and ultimately outsmart them. Apple Inc.

Critical Reflection on Professional Practice | Education

Critical Reflection on Professional Practice | Education In this essay I will critically review the literature on the role of the modern educator. To this end I will consider the history of teaching and the impact of modern educational theory before defining â€Å"reflective teaching†. I will then go on to consider the ramifications of critical reflectivity at different granularities. The concept of a â€Å"teacher† in the modern sense mayhave originated with the ancient Greeks. The Socratic Method set out byPlato and Xenophon encourages the learner to become an independentthinker through a process of elimination of working hypotheses.Throughout the European â€Å"dark ages† scholarly pursuits were largely thedomain of the clergy, who developed the school system and theprofessional school educator came into being. By Victorian times,however, the role of the educator was that of an instructorwho, in the spirit of John Locke, perceived children as â€Å"blank slatesonto which knowledge can be written† . Then, in the 20th Century, the view of education, and consequently the role of the educator, changed dramatically. The concept of a â€Å"teacher† in the modern sense mayhave originated with the ancient Greeks. The Socratic Method set out byPlato and Xenophon encourages the learner to become an independentthinker through a process of elimination of working hypotheses.Throughout the European â€Å"dark ages† scholarly pursuits were largely thedomain of the clergy, who developed the school system and theprofessional school educator came into being. By Victorian times,however, the role of the educator was that of an instructorwho, in the spirit of John Locke, perceived children as â€Å"blank slatesonto which knowledge can be written† . Then, in the 20th Century, the view of education, and consequently the role of the educator, changed dramatically. Educational theory in the 20thCentury was influenced by, amongst others, Piaget, Vygotsky and Dewey.It will be worth briefly reviewing their ideas. Jean Piaget developed the notion of constructivism in which learnersare considered to construct their own â€Å"theories† of the world.  Constructivism acknowledges the need to build upon and modify existingknowledge rather than simply to fill learners heads with knowledge. Lev Vygotsky emphasised the importance of scaffolding for childrenscognitive development in which the sociocultural environment isinternalised as knowledge is constructed.   As such learning was nolonger situated exclusively in the head but became an interactionbetween the child, peers and educators. John Dewey endorsed Vygotskys sociocultural approach and highlightedthe subjective nature of communal learning.   He is credited withpopularising socioconstructivist ideas into what became known asprogressive education. Another important influence came from cultural theory in the form ofwhat is known as postmodernism. Postmodernism is not a theory butrather a rejection of the â€Å"certain†. Instead, â€Å"meaning is always inprocess†,   and that which seems to be external reality is a culturalconstruct. Postmodernism demands a shift in perspective. Derrida   wrote: â€Å"The center is at the center of the totality, and yet, since the centerdoes not belong to the totality (is not part of the totality), thetotality has its center elsewhere. The center is not the center.† Perhaps the most important contribution of postmodernism to education,then, is the identification and questioning of underlying assumptionsand a blurring of focus from naà ¯ve clarity to reflective holism. As thinking human beings it isnear-on impossible to not be reflective in an everyday sense of theword. However the term â€Å"reflective teaching† refers to something moreprofound something systematically undertaken by practitioners thatâ€Å"implies flexibility, rigorous analysis and social awareness.†Ã‚   I willnow consider how a teacher might be critically reflective at threegranularities: (i) the fine-grain which occurs whilst teaching; (ii)the medium-grain which occurs retrospectively; (iii) the large-grainwhich considers teaching in the context of wider society. Fine-grain reflection relates to whatSchà ¶n calls â€Å"reflection-in-action† . I interpret reflection-in-actionto be a sociocultural process that is not located solely in theteachers head. Indeed it is a process of which the (experienced)teacher is not consciously aware. Rather, it relates to concepts suchas routines, attention and making judgments. It is a subtle teachingskill that is often at odds with the fashionable notion ofâ€Å"well-planned lessons†. The long-term refinement of fine-grain reflection over time is perhapswhat distinguishes the â€Å"expert† from the â€Å"novice† practitioner.Luntley   investigated the nature of expertise which he defines asâ€Å"attention-based knowledge†. He reports on an experienced teacher in amathematics lesson who drew shapes on the board and asked the classwhich ones were similar. She received answers that made no sense (toher) and reflected afterwards: â€Å"I was beginning to think: Oh God! There is something I am missinghere. [Laughter] Something that is obvious to them but not obvious tome.† The teacher then took action to resolve the issue because she: â€Å"recognised a mismatch between the pupils focus of attention and herown, and was able to interrogate this in order to respond in a waywhich changed the direction of the lesson, but enabled her to re-focusthe pupils ideas.† It is difficult to imagine how a trainee teacher might instantlyimprove their â€Å"expertise† and reflect instinctively at the chalk facelike this. Sheer experience seems necessary but it may be that thisexperience can be enhanced through systematic medium-grain reflection. Medium-grain reflection has profoundimplications. Postmodernism suggests the need to be mercilesslyself-critical.   A consequence of this is the lack of a yard-stickagainst which to measure progress. For example, one cannot simplyreflect on how to improve test scores without reflecting that anenvironment engineered for passing tests may actually damage childrenslearning by other standards.   Similarly, one cannot simply reflect onhow to reduce classroom noise levels as a way to â€Å"improve† behaviour.Rather we must identify and reflect on the complex power relations atplay in the classroom. Given these shifting-sands and the opaque nature of presuppositions, itis clear that reflective teaching at the medium grain size is no simpletask. There is no formula or recipe to follow rather it is therejection of such. Practitioners retrospective reflection is in factan attitude that encompasses many areas. Here I will attempt to listjust a few of them. The teacher must consider his or her own â€Å"wholeness†Ã‚   in thesociocultural context of the classroom. Age, gender, ethnicity,class-background, culture, religion, political views are relevant.Similar holistic consideration must be given to the pupils. Furthermorethe classroom itself is a complex sociocultural environment demanding aholistic reflection. The teacher must also consider the nature of the curriculum : how it isto be implemented and what is meant by learning and how we assess it.Policies and models and recipes and formulas abound, both voluntary andcompulsory (such as the 1988 Education Reform act which introduced aNational Curriculum). Reflective practice can be valuable in helpingteachers remain cool-headed amidst passing frenzies such as the currentunsubstantiated craze for â€Å"Accelerated Learning†. However it is no good the teacher merely being aware of thesociocultural nature of the environment, or the possible flaws in thecurriculum, as though this might vaccinate her from problems. Theentire purpose of reflective teaching is to inform practice throughâ€Å"evidence-informed professional practice†Ã‚   such as reflective markingof pupils work, discussion with colleagues, classroom observations,journal keeping and so on. Another aspect is how critical reflective practice might inform ateachers professional development, such as the acquisition offine-grained â€Å"knowledge-based attention† mentioned above. Professionaldevelopment should be considered holistically in a wider socioculturalcontext as a â€Å"process of enlightenment† that is â€Å"a reflective andcommunal process†.   The next step up after school and career focused critical reflection isteachers reflecting on their role in wider society which I discuss inthe following section.   Large-grain reflection refers tocritically considering ones role as a teacher within wider society. Itcan involve quite pragmatic issues such as joining a union, decidinghow to vote and keeping an eye on political developments such as thecurrent â€Å"dominant managerialist ideology†Ã‚   in the work place. It can also involve philosophical and ideological considerations aboutthe future of education. During the ‘cultural revolution of 1960sAmerica many teachers (e.g. Herbert Kohl ) came to reject the ideal ofschool altogether, imagining a future utopia in which society educatesits young without institutionalisation. Other educationalists havevisions of how the nature of learning might be revolutionised in anincreasingly complex and technological society (e.g. Seymour Papert ). Considering that the teaching profession does not offer the greatestfinancial returns, working conditions or status the higher ideals areessential to me personally. Teaching must be seen as a holisticlifestyle an attempt to â€Å"save the world† even to be enjoyable. For me reflective teaching contains an inherent paradox -yet this is its strength. It is a ‘formula for thinking that teachesus to reject formulae for thinking. It is an ongoing questioning andanalysis at all granularities in which our attitude should be aholistic, dynamic process rather than a static set of commandments.Although critical reflection should be painful to a degree, the returns are enriching and invaluable. Research Proposal: Child Attachment with Care Providers Research Proposal: Child Attachment with Care Providers Rationale The author has chosen to focus on the area of nursery care for children aged six months to five years, chiefly because it is an area of personal and professional interest, and because despite a wealth of research on parenting attachment, child development, behavioural development and the like, the field of study is still lacking in good, applied research which explores how children become acclimatised to a nursery environment, and what factors may affect this process. Because of social and societal changes â€Å"many infants tart their out-of-home lives at an early age with non-familial caregivers in childcare settings† (Lee, 2006 p 133). This care setting has potentially long-term implications for the child, the family, and for society as a whole. â€Å"The infant-caregiver relationship is crucial for infants since this first relationship with a caregiver will not only provide a working model for the subsequent relationships with teachers but will also set the stage for adju stment, development, and learning in the current setting and for later school life† (Lee, 2006 p 134). Attachment theories explore how attachment between child and caregiver affect these issues.The focus on attachment theories is also related to the need for nursery workers to engage in partnership working with parents in order to ensure good supportive exchanges of information from both sides, and to promote the best possible experience for the child (and their peers). The author has observed great differences between different children in the ways that they settle into the nursery environment. Some children adapt quickly to the new situation, the caregivers and the activities, while others take much longer, displaying ongoing signs of separation anxiety and other behaviours which indicate they are not fully acclimatised to the nursery environment and carers. While there are arguments here about whether or not childcare workers and parents should expect certain levels of conformity from such young children, and about the individual needs of children being met in a flexible, responsive manner, there is no doubt that children do need to learn to interact in peer groups and to integrate into environments other than the home environment at some point during their developmental processes. The adaptation to the new environment may be related to parenting styles, attachment, or the characteristics of caregivers. Literature Review A range of variables might affect the child’s ability to settle into the childcare environment. Some of these are potentially derived from the home setting, from attachment to parents and other caregivers, and from the kinds of parenting styles that the child has already experienced and from the family situation (David et al, 2003). Other variables are related to (potentially) biology and the social behaviours which reinforce gender. Turner (1991) explores the complex relationships between attachment and gender and child integration with peers in preschool environments, and shows that there are gender differences in these phenomena. How much this is due to carer and peer preconceptions of appropriate child behaviour is not clear, but Phillipsen et al (1999) show that social acceptance, and carers’ perceptions of behaviour and peer interactions are mediated by preconceptions about expected behaviours. This author is concerned that children’s individuality and indi vidual circumstances are perhaps, on the basis of such studies, not being given enough attention, and that this drive for behavioural conformity is perhaps serving a different purpose to the expressed, child-focused aims of nursery providers. McKown and Weinstein (2002) also relate teacher expectations to gender and to ethnicity in early years environments, and so the kinds of demographic information that would be needed in an exploratory study of this kind would include gender and ethnicity questions. Other authors have researched relationships between children and their childcare providers, and shown that the relationship between these may vary according to the perceptions of different childcare workers (Howes et al, 2000), and according to the sensitivity and characteristics of the childcare workers (Gerber et al, 2007). This study would focus on the kinds of perceptions of attachment identified by Howes et al (2000). A more useful study would employ an objective observer to measure and record attachment behaviours (Delamont, 2002), but this is a small scale academic piece, and there are insufficient resources to employ an objective, skilled observer. Other variables affecting the child’s ability to settle must obviously derive from the nursery environment. These may be characteristics of caregivers and caregiver-child relationships, which may be in turn influenced by nursery policies, by organisational culture and norms and managerial practices, and also by the personalities of the caregivers (Cryer et al, 2005). Resources may also affect this environment. Lee (2006) found that â€Å"infants and their key caregivers did build firm (close, secure, synchronous) relationships in the relationship-valued and supportive childcare context† (p 140). This suggests that the context may affect this process in significant ways. However, it is the characteristics of the child his or herself, and their parents or their attachment to their parents which may be the issue here, hence the focus on attachment theory. Rydell et al (2005) suggest that â€Å"a central prediction from attachment theory is that the quality of the child’s attachment to parents will be related to the quality of relationships with other people† (p 188). Therefore, it is important as part of the proposed study to assess the parenting experience and any markers of attachment from the point of view of the parent(s). This may be important in identifying children’s ability to develop secure relationships with other carers (Rydell et al, 2005). Bowlby (2007) argues that babies and toddlers will have their attachment seeking response activated in the absence of a primary or a secondary attachment figure when they are in the presence of a stranger and in unfamiliar surroundings, which is what may happen in nurseries when children do not ‘settle’. This attachment seeking response may be terminated if the child is able to develop an attachment to a secondary carer (Bowlby, 2007). Bowlby (2007) suggests a model of childcare that actively promotes and monitors long-term secondary attachment bonds between baby and carer. This kind of model is shown in the theory of having a key person identified for each child within the setting, which has benefits for the baby/child, in terms of affection and attachment, for parents, and for the key person (Elfer, 2002). Understanding this in the context of the child-caregiver relationship is challenging, because this relationship is multidimensional (Lee, 2006). Aims The aims of this study are: to answer the following question: Why do some children settle in nursery in a short space of time and some take longer, using the same settling in method?; and to model the complex interactions between the factors which may be seen as affecting this process. Theories of attachment will be used as a framework to inform and support the design of the study, but a range of potential variables will be explored in order to fully develop a model of understanding which may answer the key research question. Other aims of this study are that it should improve understanding in order to help childcare workers and parents support children’s transition into the childcare environment Methodology While an ethnographical methodology would be a logical choice of research methodology in this case (Massey, 1998), there are some issues around this kind of approach, including the potential bias of the researcher and the issues cited elsewhere about observation and participant observation. Perspectives other than that of the researcher need to be addressed, and data from parents and from the childcare setting needs to be incorporated. A Grounded Theory approach will be used, chiefly because of the way that this methodology supports the inclusion of a range of qualitative data sources along with quantitative data in the form of descriptive statistics and demographic characteristics (Borgatti, 2005; Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Grounded Theory sets out to develop models of knowledge and explication which are ‘grounded’ in the data under investigation, the nature of which always include ‘rich’ qualitative data (Charmaz, 1994). The complexity of Grounded Theory m odels lies in their derivation from the data themselves, and so would serve well this attempt to address a complex phenomenon likely to be affected by a range of variables. Grounded Theory allows the researcher to make full use of the data (Bell and Opie, 2002; D’Onofrio, 2001). Data analysis is via a process of constant comparison of the data with each other, through stages of analysis towards an end model (Charmaz, 1994; Glaser and Strauss, 1967). The kinds of complexities, the human nature of the interactions within the childcare environment, and the many variables that would likely affect the child’s interactions within that environment, do not lend themselves to a quantitative methodology, particularly one carried out on so small a scale. Nor would it be ethical to carry out quantitative research on vulnerable children when there is no hope of gaining a statistically significant sample size for a good quality quantitative study. Therefore, a qualitative study, which supports and exploratory approach, has been deemed more suitable. Methods which collect talk and conversation would be suitable for this kind of research (Adelman, 1981), but due to the vulnerability of the children involved, the data collection methods must be chosen with care. Similarly, the data collection methods and sources have been selected to include all relevant information which might indicate factors which impinge upon the infant or child’s ability to settle into the nursery environment. Because of the issues of perception discussed above, participant observation was ruled out as a data collection approach (Arnould, 1998). The data collection methods were chosen to minimse the impact on children, parents and childcare workers. These will include exploratory questionnaires given to parents and semi-structured interviews with nursery caregivers, documentary data in the form of the children’s nursery records, nursery policies, mission statements and staff training and orientation documents, and interviews with staff. All these kinds of data sources are suitable to a Grounded Theory Approach (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). It is important to take into account the complexities and details of the context, both physical and behavioural, within which the child behaviours are taking place, because this may indicate factors within the nursery itself which affect the child’s orientation into that environment. The data collection tools, which consist of a parental questionnaire and a pro-forma for the semi-structured interviews with childcare providers, will be informed by the use of established measures, including the Q-Set measure (Moss et al, 2006). Other studies have applied such measures to a similar situation in relation to attachment theory (Moss et al, 2006). Interviews will be audio-taped, anonymised at point of recording, and then transcribed as text documents. All data, from questionnaires, interviews and documentary sources will be transferred into an electronic qualitative data analysis programme such as NVivo, for ease of management and improved analysis (Drisko, 2004). NVivo allows for the development of models from qualitative data, but also supports the integration of quantitative and demographic data to develop correlations between these data and qualitative concepts and findings (Drisko, 2004). Because Grounded Theory tends to treat the literature review as a concurrent process (Glaser and Strauss, 1967), and literature sources as a form of data in themselves (D’Onofrio, 2001), the use of NVivo also supports and aids this process in terms of the management of large amounts of textual data (Drisko, 2004). Ethical Considerations It is important that the quality of the research is such that it is justifiable to carry it out within this setting (see methodology section above). Ethical considerations include the ethics of carrying out research on small children who are unable to give consent, and the affects the research might have on their caregivers. Research that distracts the childcare workers or affects their ability to take care of children would not be ethical. Participant observation was deemed as unsuitable (Arnould, 1998).Having a ‘strange’ adult (the researcher) in the environment might also disturb the ‘status quo’. Therefore, an observational method was not chosen, and parents given full information sheets and consent forms for participation in the study. Only those parents who consent will be included, and data will only be gathered pertaining to their children. Ethical approval will be sought from the researcher’s place of study (via normal ethics committee approv al). Permission will be gained from the child care organisation’s manager, and staff will be recruited via information sheets and consent forms in the same way that parents were. Staff interviews will be carried out at a location convenient to the place of work, and at agreed times which do not interfere with their normal workload. All interviews and demographic data including even the location and name of the childcare setting will be anonymised. Timescale Because of the data collection methods chosen, the timescale is adjusted to take into account the difficulties in gaining good response rates from questionnaires and in fitting in the interviews with the childcare providers in a way that does not place them under undue stress or affecting their working lives. A three month timescale (from the point of ethical approval) is projected for the data collection phase of this project, which will allow for an initial recruitment of the sample, distribution of questionnaires, a second round of questionnaires to improve response rates, and concurrent interviews with childcare providers and collection of documentary evidence from the childcare setting. The concurrent literature review must also take place within this timescale, and so literature searching, identification and collection will occur during the data collection phase, and critical literature review and analysis will commence during this phase and continue through the data analysis p hase of the research. This second phase, data analysis, should take a further three months, from initial analysis to completion of a model. Writing up should take a further two weeks. Conclusion It is anticipated that this study will illuminate the still murky waters of attachment with childcare providers, the potential benefits of the â€Å"key person† in relation to attachment and to promoting the adjustment of the child to the childcare setting. It should also shed light on demographic and other characteristics which may affect this process, thereby, at the very least, identifying key areas for further, more in-depth or targeted research. Because this is an exploratory study, the potential richness of the data should allow for some insight and discovery about issues affecting attachment and adjustment. Attachment theories would need to be explored in much greater detail than this brief proposal allows, and the quality of the existing research on these theories applied to this setting appraised. The resultant model should incorporate the evidence from the literature with the evidence from the study data into a model which may inform future approaches to caring for c hildren within this setting. Bibliography Adelman, C. (1981) Uttering Muttering : collecting, using and reporting talk for social and educational research. London:Grant McIntyre Arnould, E.J. (1998) Ethical Concerns in Participant Observation/Ethnography. Advances in Consumer Research 25 72 Asher, S.R., Pankhurts, J.T., Hymel, S. and Williams, G. (1990) Peer rejection and loneliness in childhood. In Asher, S.R. and Cole, J.D. 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